Where does vision begin and how are you able to see what you see? A person's vision starts when light rays are reflected off of an object and those rays enter the eyes through the cornea.
The cornea is the transparent layer which covers and forms the front of the eye.
The cornea bends or refracts the rays that pass through a hole called the pupil, which is that dark circular opening in the center of the iris.
The iris, or colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil, varies in size depending on the amount of light reaching the retina.
The pupil will open and close depending on this light.
The light rays then pass though the lens, which will then change its shape so it can further bend the rays and focus them on the retina.
The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball that contains many, many light sensitive nerve cells called rods and cones.
These rods and cones are named for their distinct shape.
Cones are mainly in the center of the retina, in an area called the macula.
In areas of bright light, cones provide clear, sharp central vision and detect colors and fine details.
Rods are located outside the macula and extend all the way to the outer edge of the retina.
They provide peripheral or side vision.
Another benefit of rods is that they allow the eyes to detect motion and help us see in dimly lit places.
Rods and cones, which are basically just cells in the retina convert the light into electrical impulses which are then sensed and sent to the brain.
Here, an image is formed and we get vision.
It's really no more complicated than that.