A power supply or UPS is actually a device that supplies electrical power to one or much more electrical loads. The term is most typically applied to devices that convert one form of electrical power to one more, although it might also refer to devices that convert one more form of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or present to a distinct value; the controlled value is held practically constant despite variations in either load electric current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's power supply.
A widespread power supply circuit typically contains with the following modul circuit:
Transformer
Transformers convert AC electrical energy from one voltage to another with small loss of power. Transformers function only with AC and this is among the reasons why mains electrical power is AC.
Step-up transformers enhance voltage, step-down transformers lessen voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230V in UK) to a safer reduced voltage.
The input coil is called the primary as well as the output coil is known as the secondary. There's no electrical connection between the two coils, instead they are linked by an alternating magnetic field produced within the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two lines inside the middle with the circuit symbol represent the core.
Transformers waste really little power so the energy out is (practically) equal for the power in. Note that as voltage is stepped down current is stepped up.
The ratio of the number of turns on every coil, referred to as the turns ratio, determines the ratio in the voltages. A step-down transformer features a huge number of turns on its main (input) coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, as well as a small variety of turns on its secondary (output) coil to provide a low output voltage.
Rectifier
There are numerous methods of connecting diodes to make a rectifier to convert AC to DC. The bridge rectifier is the most crucial and it produces full-wave varying DC. A full-wave rectifier can also be made from just two diodes if a centre-tap transformer is implemented, but this method is seldom being used now that diodes are cheaper. A single diode might be used as a rectifier however it only uses the positive (+) components with the AC wave to produce half-wave varying DC.
Smoothing
Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the DC source to act as a reservoir, supplying current for the output when the varying DC voltage from the rectifier is falling. The diagram exhibits the unsmoothed varying DC (dotted line) along with the smoothed DC (solid line). The capacitor charges quickly near the peak with the varying DC, after which discharges because it supplies electric current to the output.
Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (generally five, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages. They are also rated by the maximum electric current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators are offered, primarily for use in dual supplies. Most regulators consist of some automatic protection from excessive electric current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection').
A widespread power supply circuit typically contains with the following modul circuit:
Transformer
Transformers convert AC electrical energy from one voltage to another with small loss of power. Transformers function only with AC and this is among the reasons why mains electrical power is AC.
Step-up transformers enhance voltage, step-down transformers lessen voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230V in UK) to a safer reduced voltage.
The input coil is called the primary as well as the output coil is known as the secondary. There's no electrical connection between the two coils, instead they are linked by an alternating magnetic field produced within the soft-iron core of the transformer. The two lines inside the middle with the circuit symbol represent the core.
Transformers waste really little power so the energy out is (practically) equal for the power in. Note that as voltage is stepped down current is stepped up.
The ratio of the number of turns on every coil, referred to as the turns ratio, determines the ratio in the voltages. A step-down transformer features a huge number of turns on its main (input) coil which is connected to the high voltage mains supply, as well as a small variety of turns on its secondary (output) coil to provide a low output voltage.
Rectifier
There are numerous methods of connecting diodes to make a rectifier to convert AC to DC. The bridge rectifier is the most crucial and it produces full-wave varying DC. A full-wave rectifier can also be made from just two diodes if a centre-tap transformer is implemented, but this method is seldom being used now that diodes are cheaper. A single diode might be used as a rectifier however it only uses the positive (+) components with the AC wave to produce half-wave varying DC.
Smoothing
Smoothing is performed by a large value electrolytic capacitor connected across the DC source to act as a reservoir, supplying current for the output when the varying DC voltage from the rectifier is falling. The diagram exhibits the unsmoothed varying DC (dotted line) along with the smoothed DC (solid line). The capacitor charges quickly near the peak with the varying DC, after which discharges because it supplies electric current to the output.
Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (generally five, 12 and 15V) or variable output voltages. They are also rated by the maximum electric current they can pass. Negative voltage regulators are offered, primarily for use in dual supplies. Most regulators consist of some automatic protection from excessive electric current ('overload protection') and overheating ('thermal protection').