Stones in the kidney & urinary tract is hard objects like stones that form in the kidneys or urinary tract & derived from substances that carry urine. Kidney stones can persist in the kidneys or out & headed into the urinary tract. Kidney stones are small can get out of the body through the urine without causing extreme pain. While kidney stones are larger in size, can get stuck in the bladder or urinary tract & cause problems that interfere.
Urinary tract stones can be caused by several things, but usually because the concentration of the concentrated urine resulting in precipitation of crystals that will continue to grow over time. Another factor is the anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract so that the flow of urine becomes smooth & easy for the occurrence of crystal precipitation.
The prevalence of patients with stones can differ in each country, such as 1-5% in Asia, 5-9% in Europe, 13% in North America, and 20% in Saudi Arabia. Then the stone is a risk factor for gender, age, race, occupation, geographic location, weather.
Kidney Stones
Symptoms of a stone in the kidney or urinary tract can be different for each person. Ranging from no symptoms to severe though. But usually the people who consult a doctor stones have a complaint as follows:
For diagnosis of stones in the kidney or urinary tract itself can be done through laboratory tests, ultrasound, x-rays or CT scans.
Therapeutic handling of the stone can be through various means, and selection of therapy depends on the location of the stone is located, the size of the stones and kidney function of patients. Therapeutic option for stones in the kidney & urinary tract is a conservative way, ESWL, PCNL, URS, lithotripsy, & open surgery.
ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy) is one procedure to break up kidney stones with shock waves. With ESWL, the stone kidney & urinary tract stones can be broken down into fine shards of stone fragments that may be out along with urine. Therefore, ESWL should only be done if the patient has normal kidney function. The advantages of ESWL is that kidney stones are solving procedures performed without anesthesia & surgery without injury, so as to have substantial morbidity (morbidity) is low & the patient can be ambulatory.
ESWL but also has shortcomings, which can only be performed for kidney stones or urinary tract are small, because the lower stone-free rates compared with PCNL & operation to open when a large rock. Then in addition to stone size, stone-free rate is also affected by the violence stones, anatomical kidney & kidney function.
Another way that can be used to treat stones in the kidney or urinary tract is via PCNL (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy). PCNL alone is one action in the field of minimally invasive urology that is used to remove kidney stones by using percutaneous access. PCNL action is usually done on a stone with a diameter> 2 cm & on hard rock. PCNL patients who do not have to do a general anesthetic, but enough to stun half loss alone & with the time of surgery 1-3 hours (depending on the size of the stone).
Kidney Stones Treatment
PCNL procedure involves direct fragmentation of Therapeutic through an incision (incision) made ??in a small waist at the back of the positioning of the affected kidney with a tool Nephroscope. Then the boulder will be destroyed circuitry that accompanied such a long metal ultrasonic energy or electrohydraulic, or laser litrotriptor to be stone chips. The catheter will be installed to drain the urine, & the incision will be placed nephrostomy tube called to drain fluid from the kidney. The catheter will be released within 24 hours, while nephrostomy will remain attached as long as patients treated in hospital, usually for 2-4 days.
PCNL procedure has more advantages compared with open surgery, because the patient's recovery time is faster and the risks that may be experienced by the patient also becomes smaller.
But of course, prevention is better than cure, including the problem of kidney stones or urinary tract stones. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of kidney stones / urinary tract are advised to drink water with enough each day so that urine does not become too thick so as to reduce the risk of stone formation. The recommended amount of water consumed is> 2 liters of urine per day, so total production is about 2 liters.
Urinary tract stones can be caused by several things, but usually because the concentration of the concentrated urine resulting in precipitation of crystals that will continue to grow over time. Another factor is the anatomical abnormality of the urinary tract so that the flow of urine becomes smooth & easy for the occurrence of crystal precipitation.
The prevalence of patients with stones can differ in each country, such as 1-5% in Asia, 5-9% in Europe, 13% in North America, and 20% in Saudi Arabia. Then the stone is a risk factor for gender, age, race, occupation, geographic location, weather.
Kidney Stones
Symptoms of a stone in the kidney or urinary tract can be different for each person. Ranging from no symptoms to severe though. But usually the people who consult a doctor stones have a complaint as follows:
- Pain in the waist
- Pain when urinating
- Nausea-vomiting (colic)
- Urination is not smooth or Anyang-anyangan
- Urine brown or red
For diagnosis of stones in the kidney or urinary tract itself can be done through laboratory tests, ultrasound, x-rays or CT scans.
Therapeutic handling of the stone can be through various means, and selection of therapy depends on the location of the stone is located, the size of the stones and kidney function of patients. Therapeutic option for stones in the kidney & urinary tract is a conservative way, ESWL, PCNL, URS, lithotripsy, & open surgery.
ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy) is one procedure to break up kidney stones with shock waves. With ESWL, the stone kidney & urinary tract stones can be broken down into fine shards of stone fragments that may be out along with urine. Therefore, ESWL should only be done if the patient has normal kidney function. The advantages of ESWL is that kidney stones are solving procedures performed without anesthesia & surgery without injury, so as to have substantial morbidity (morbidity) is low & the patient can be ambulatory.
ESWL but also has shortcomings, which can only be performed for kidney stones or urinary tract are small, because the lower stone-free rates compared with PCNL & operation to open when a large rock. Then in addition to stone size, stone-free rate is also affected by the violence stones, anatomical kidney & kidney function.
Another way that can be used to treat stones in the kidney or urinary tract is via PCNL (Percutaneous nephrolithotomy). PCNL alone is one action in the field of minimally invasive urology that is used to remove kidney stones by using percutaneous access. PCNL action is usually done on a stone with a diameter> 2 cm & on hard rock. PCNL patients who do not have to do a general anesthetic, but enough to stun half loss alone & with the time of surgery 1-3 hours (depending on the size of the stone).
Kidney Stones Treatment
PCNL procedure involves direct fragmentation of Therapeutic through an incision (incision) made ??in a small waist at the back of the positioning of the affected kidney with a tool Nephroscope. Then the boulder will be destroyed circuitry that accompanied such a long metal ultrasonic energy or electrohydraulic, or laser litrotriptor to be stone chips. The catheter will be installed to drain the urine, & the incision will be placed nephrostomy tube called to drain fluid from the kidney. The catheter will be released within 24 hours, while nephrostomy will remain attached as long as patients treated in hospital, usually for 2-4 days.
PCNL procedure has more advantages compared with open surgery, because the patient's recovery time is faster and the risks that may be experienced by the patient also becomes smaller.
But of course, prevention is better than cure, including the problem of kidney stones or urinary tract stones. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of kidney stones / urinary tract are advised to drink water with enough each day so that urine does not become too thick so as to reduce the risk of stone formation. The recommended amount of water consumed is> 2 liters of urine per day, so total production is about 2 liters.