Gabitril

• Gabitril reduces electrical activity in the brain by increasing gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. This oral medication requires several daily doses. Possible side effects of taking this medication include inability to concentrate, headaches and dizziness.
  
  

Benzodiazepines

• Benzodiazepine is a minor sedative that includes brand names such as Valium, Diastat and Ativan. Benzodiazepines help prevent seizures by slowing down the central nervous system. This medication comes in pill, gel or intravenous form. Side effects include loss of appetite, and sedation.
  
  

Lamotrigine

• Lamotrigine prevents seizures by decreasing the action of glutamate in the brain. Lamotrigine comes in pill form and should be taken two or three times daily. Side effects may include a rash, headaches and dizziness.
  
  

Phenobarbital

• Phenobarbital acts as a sedative. Sedatives slow down the central nervous system. This medication should be taken once daily, twice for infants. Side effects include hyperactivity and insomnia. Phenobarbital comes in tablet, capsule and liquid form.
  
  

Primidone

• Primidone works because the body converts it into the sedative phenobarbital, which is a sedative. Phenobarbital comes in pill and liquid form. Side effects include aggression and restlessness in children and older patients. Depression is a side effect for middle-aged adults.
  
  

Second-Line Medications

• Other medications exist that are prescribed when a patient continues to have seizures even when under treatment for epilepsy. Some of these medications include felbamate, gabapentin, levetiracetam, topiramate, zonisamide, pregabalin, lacosamide and rufinamide.