Design

• The hand compass is manufactured in different models with different tools and readings attached. The basic design has a needle compass and a sight that flips upward. The sight is used to take readings and gauge direction in relation to the object on the landscape or water. Advanced models add declination marks, measuring scales and mirrors to monitor your fore and aft positions simultaneously. The compass closes into a compact unit and flips open when needed.
  
  

Function

• The hand compass serves a variety of functions. The primary function is triangulating your position in relation to an object or landmark. The basic process requires locating the object in the sight, determining the declination to compensate for altitude and triangulating your position based on the location of the landmark on a map. You may also use the compass for quick readings while in motion. Take a reading in relation to an object, wait until you have traveled a short distance and take a second reading. This quickly determines if you are on course to reach the landmark in a straight line. The quick reading is also valuable for avoiding collisions with boats, icebergs and other obstacles in the ocean.
  
  

Purpose

• The hand compass has been replaced by advanced GPS tracking units, but it is not obsolete. Many hikers, explorers and captains carry one at all times as a backup for electronic failure. Chart-plotting with a hand compass is a valuable skill that may avert disaster when the GPS fails. The hand compass remains a highly respected tool and skill.
  
  

Issues

• The hand compass uses a magnetic pull to locate true north. The true north direction is not stagnant and you must keep track to make adjustments on your map. The magnet may also be thrown in the wrong direction when heavy metals are present. The metals will cause the needle to shake in an erratic motion and the reading may be inaccurate.