Chronological lists of the people who have ruled each country with approximate dates when known.
- Egypt
Old Predynastic, Old, and Middle Kingdom Pharaohs
New Kingdom (and Beyond) Pharaohs - Macedonia
Kings
- Mesopotamia
Kings
- Persian Empire
Sassanid Dynasty Kings
Achaemenid Dynasty - Hebrew
Kings of the United Monarchy, the Kingdom of Judah, and the Kingdom of Israel
- Pontus (Asia Minor)
Mithridatic Kings
- Hittites
Hittite Kings