- 1). Inspect the entire brake circuit for leaks or punctures that may cause a loss of hydraulic pressure. This includes the brake lines and all of the fittings on the caliper and master cylinder. Punctures and leaks can allow air and moisture to enter into the circuit, creating a loss in hydraulic pressure.
- 2). Pull in the brake lever. Does the lever feel firm or does it feel soft and mushy? A soft brake lever is a sign that air is trapped in the brake line, disrupting the hydraulic pressure between the brake caliper and the brake lever. Bleed the brake line at the caliper and remove any air bubbles to restore the hydraulic pressure in the brake system.
- 3). Remove the brake fluid reservoir cap and take a look at the brake fluid. Clean fluid is usually clear and light amber in color. If the fluid is dark and cloudy, it has been contaminated by moisture buildup and will create a loss of hydraulic pressure in the line. Moisture can also create a slimy residue that could clog the brake master cylinder and the caliper pistons if not dealt with. Drain the fluid from the entire brake circuit and refill with fresh fluid before bleeding out any trapped air.
- 4). Remove the brake caliper from the rotor and take out the brake pads. Pump the brake lever repeatedly and observe the pistons as they extend and retract in the caliper. If the pistons do not retract, disassemble the caliper and clean out any obstructions that prevent the piston from moving properly. Frozen pistons are the main cause of brake lockup.
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