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How to Compare Shotgun Pellets at the Crime Lab

By Society & Culture & Entertainment Last updated Monday, June/03/2024

Physical Characteristics

Forensic scientists compare the size and shape of shotgun pellets. Size can determine the gauge, or the diameter of the shotgun barrel, which can help identify a weapon. Pellets made of lead, steel and tungsten travel at different speeds and react differently on impact. Comparing spent pellets to test shots can determine the distance and angle of a gunshot.

Wadding

Shotgun shells are packed with wadding, usually a plastic or paper buffer, that protects the pellets from the heat and force of gun power. Some pellets may have traces of wadding that may identify the manufacturer and retailer of the ammunition.

Pellet Spray

Analysts examine the spray pattern of shotgun pellets and compare it to patterns from test shots to determine the location and distance between the shooter and the target. Spray patterns may also reveal whether or not the shotgun barrel has a choke, a slight narrowing, that affects how pellets are dispersed.

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