- 1). Conduct research on a topic of choice and develop a conclusion based on the factual evidence gathered. Make sure the conclusion, or thesis, adds a new or more in-depth perspective to the topic. For example, a weak thesis would state, "Theodore Roosevelt was an effective president." A stronger thesis would explain why: "Theodore Roosevelt was an effective president because he expanded U.S. foreign policy in Asia."
- 2). Gather evidence from credible sources such as academic journals, field experts and research data. Ideally, look for evidence that has been reviewed by qualified professionals and/or supported by a research-based publication or organization. Organize the research into different sections that offer comprehensive support for the thesis. Examples of sections may include "History," "Research Data" and "Alternate Theories."
- 3). Refute counterarguments, which are arguments that others may use to try to negate your thesis, by offering evidence that demonstrates why these viewpoints are incorrect or less reliable. Enrich the discussion by addressing counterarguments that are themselves well-researched and supported by factual evidence. Be honest in acknowledging where others are correct in their findings.
- 4). Ensure the audience will understand the topic, the past research, all data you report and all other elements of the discussion. To help the audience understand the nature of the argument, summarize the background and past research on the topic. Define unfamiliar terms, and express the topic in a straightforward way so all audience members will understand.
- 5). Structure the argument with an introduction, the research and a conclusion. The introduction should summarize the topic and state the thesis, while the conclusion should explain how the new research contributes to discussion on the topic. The middle section should present the research data and neatly explain the different points of analysis.
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