Texturing
The process of applying color and textural details to the surface of a 3D model. Texturing has traditionally been achieved by mapping mapping each of the 3D object's verticies, or UVs to an "unwrapped" two-dimensional representation of the model.
In recent years, the advent of 3D painting applications like 3D Coat, ZBrush, Mudbox, and Mari, have made it possible to paint or project textures directly onto a 3D surface, thus reducing the emphasis of UV-mapping in the computer graphics pipeline.
Textures can be painted by hand, photographic, or a combination of both, depending on the style required for the final image.