Types

• Although the crux immissa, appearing like a lowercase t, represents the most commonly used cross design, three other types of crosses were used for crucifixion. The crux commissa looks like an uppercase T, the crux simplex has a simple vertical line and the crux decussata has an X shape. Also, some pagan and satanic cross symbols were derived from the Christian cross, such as crosses with broken arms and a cross with a loop on the top.
  
  

Designs

• Different design elements have evolved over the years, creating unique crosses classified with various names. The Celtic cross has a circle around the intersection of the crosspiece and often incorporates line designs on the surface of the cross itself. A crucifix depicts Jesus hanging on the cross. Calvary crosses sit upon three steps. Shrouded crosses have the arms of the cross draped with fabric. A voided cross displays the outline of a cross while the cross itself remains white.
  
  

Symbolic Meanings

• Different styles of crosses have symbolic meanings. Fire or a dove next to the cross symbolize the Holy Spirit. Crosses with Latin or Greek letters indicate their various meanings. The Greek word "icthus," meaning "fish," is actually an acronym for Jesus Christ, the Son of God and Savior. The Latin word "pax" means "peace." Colors on crosses or the fabric of a shrouded cross also have particular meanings. Purple indicates royalty, red symbolizes Jesus' blood, white and gold represent resurrection and green symbolizes eternal life.
  
  

Symbols for Various Groups

• Various groups use crosses as a symbol: the Red Cross and Blue Cross Blue Shield are two examples. Many flags incorporate crosses of different styles. Shields and familial coats of arms often contain a cross as part of the design. Various church denominations have specific cross designs indicating their particular group. Within the Roman Catholic Church, various orders or saints use specific crosses, and the pope has a papal cross.