- Specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat that is needed to elevate the temperature of a substance, and latent heat is the unit of mass needed to change the state of a substance. Clemson University conducted an experiment, and it was carried out in two parts. One experiment was conducted to measure a metal's heat storing capacity and the second was used to determine how much heat would be needed to change ice into water. Each of these experiments illustrated how heat has the ability to change and alter matter and the amount of heat that a given material can store.
- The National Renewal Energy Laboratory (NREL) researches various heating technologies to provide heat to a structure. Once a thermal system has been integrated into a structure, implementing insulation is necessary to protect against thermal loss. Long Island University uses a scientific experiment involving soda bottles, thermometers (or temperature probe), a blanket and duct tape to illustrate how insulation works. This experiment is carried out by measuring heated water that is contained within two separate soda bottles covered with various insulating materials. Experimenters also used this experiment to determine which materials provided the best insulation.
- Power Masters Motor Sports Academy helps its student drivers to understand the dynamics of heat and energy transfer. This is illustrated through an experiment that involves the changing air mass contained within a balloon. Students are to blow up a balloon until it is almost filled with air and then measure its circumference with a tape measure. They then place the balloon in a refrigerator for about an hour after it is measured. Once the hour is up, the balloon is taken from the refrigerator and measured again. Students then place the balloon in direct sunlight and observe what happens when the sun starts to warm up the balloon. This research helps students to understand how heat has the ability to cause things to expand through the process of energy transfer.
- Thermal energy can be converted into mechanical energy and used to provide heat and electricity to structures. This procedure is called heat recovery, and it is utilized within different industries such as manufacturing and geothermal energy production. Alexander Fung conducted a heat recovery experiment during the California State Science Fair at the University of Southern California in 2007. Fung's goal was to prove the practicality of using warm water from a shower drain to preheat a cold supply of water through a submersion heat exchanger. According to Fung's data, this experiment proved feasible.
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