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Bodies of Water in or Near Russia and Europe
Geography plays an important role in understanding the separation of continents throughout history. The major bodies of water surrounding Europe and Russia, both inland and the outer shores, hold vast quantities of fish, underwater land formations, global currents and weather hotspots. The northern
What Causes Brittle Leaves on Palm Trees?
The green leaves of a palm tree are expected to sway in the breeze and offer any location a more exotic feel. When those fronds begin to appear damaged and brittle, landscapers are understandably concerned. Diseases are capable of causing this sort of injury to a palm, as are nutritional deficiencie
How to Make an Amorphous Solar Cell
Amorphous silicon solar cells are the most commonly used thin-film solar cell technology and are considered the best alternative to the more expensive, but also more efficient, crystalline solar technology. Both technologies rely on semiconductors (usually silicon-based) that capture energy from the
Space Food Preparation
Space food is not so far-out. It is ordinary food that most people eat, but it's packaged and prepared differently for logistical and other considerations, like zero gravity. Nutritive requirements are different in space than on earth. Less iron is needed, and bone loss tends to occur. Before a miss
How to Classify a Tropical Storm
A tropical storm is classified based on two factors: its geographical location and sustained wind speed. Depending on its geographical latitude and whether it is formed in the Atlantic or Pacific ocean, the storm will be classified according to one of six classification systems. The NHC Saffir-Simps
How to Convert Frequencies
Frequency measurements commonly occur in engineering and the physical sciences. A frequency value indicates how often a repeating event takes place. In scientific contexts, though, frequencies are typically used to describe waves, such as sound waves, light waves or electrical waves. The fundamental
How Does a NiMH Battery Work?
BackgroundNiMH or Nickel-Metal Hydride batteries are a type of rechargeable battery. They are used for a variety of purposes ranging from digital cameras to hybrid vehicles and industrial applications. The popularity of these batteries has grown in recent years as concerns over the...
Large Spider Species of Colorado
Many of the large spiders found in Colorado are most active during the summer and fall months. They are shy in nature and will bite people when threatened. Not all of the spider species in this state release poison into the body during a bite. Spiders only feed on other arthropods and insects.
Stamp Collecting Facts
Stamp collecting is a popular hobby that has been around for generations. The collection of stamps ranges from the passive hobby to very serious, where collectors often pay a fortune for rare pieces. Philatelists, who study stamps from around the world, are often the most knowledgeable stamp collect
How to Learn Free Magic Coin Tricks for Kids
Coin tricks entertain both kids and adults alike at parties and other gatherings. You can learn how to become a good coin trick performer with nothing more than a coin and your own nimble fingers. Research the tricks in Web sites, books, videos and television shows without making your own precious
How to Plug Rough Sawn After Blown in Insulation
Blown-in insulation may have solved your insulation problem, but now you need to plug the holes left from the installation. Holes in rough-sawn siding can be plugged with a scrap of matching siding and epoxied in place. The natural rustic finish on rough-sawn siding lends itself well to making patch
How to Make Wooden Buttons
Make your own wood buttons using ready-made wood shapes, paint or stain and a drill. Handmade wooden buttons are wonderful accents for craft and sewing projects and often give just the right touch to hand sewn items.
How to Preserve a Squirrel Hide
The thin skin of a squirrel makes preserving it much simpler than the skins of larger animals. A simple pickling process can preserve the squirrel skin and set the hair without having to go through the laborious tanning process that is required for larger skins and hides. Some processes use formulas
How to Carve a Ball & Claw
Adding a ball and claw detail to furniture legs will give your furniture a more traditional look. While this is a nice design element on certain pieces of furniture, it is important to remember that this technique is difficult for beginners and should only be tried by people with woodworking experie
How Do Compasses Relate to Magnets?
Invented more than 2,000 years ago, a compass uses the Earth's magnetic field to show directions. The forces produced by any nearby magnet will cause a compass needle to turn.
The Properties of Tin-Lead Solder
A solder is a metal alloy used to join components in an electronic circuit. To do this, use a soldering iron to heat the end of a solder wire to its melting point. Delicately allow a little of the molten solder to flow to the point of contact between the components being joined. As the solder cools
How to Electro Polish
Electropolishing removes metal in an ionic solution by an electrical current. It enhances the material properties by removing a thin layer of material on the surface. Depending on the metal, the changes from electropolishing vary, but the process can be done on most metals. It is used to level the s
How to Calculate Sunset Time
A sunset occurs when your exact location on the Earth is shadowed from the sun. In other words, when the Earth rotates away from the Sun, the sunset occurs when your location is no longer in sight of our nearest star. Calculating the sunset time is an interesting and useful skill to have and, despit
How to Buy Sheet Silver
Sterling silver for art projects, jewelry making and crafts comes in wire, tubing, and sheets. Buy sheet silver to cut, solder, hammer, and bend sterling silver into your design shapes for rings, bracelets, pendants, jewelry findings, and other silver jewelry parts. Sterling silver is
How to Make a Leather Axe Sheath
You wouldn't leave a gun or sword exposed to the elements, nor should you just leave your favorite axe without a protective covering. A leather axe sheath is just a piece of leather designed to fit over the cutting edge of any type of axe, and can be fashioned by even the newest of amateur leather-w