- Wood stain is generally any oil-based or water-based product containing dyes and/or pigments, used for coloring wood. Stains containing dyes often come in powdered form and must be mixed with water or alcohol before use. They can be blended together for a customized color. Many stains replicate the natural colors of all kinds of woods, but other colors are available too.
- The main consideration when choosing one of many available brands and types of wood stain is the color. There are differences in the staining effects of pigment-based stains and dye-based stains. Pigments (both natural and synthetic) sit on the surface of the wood when applied, rather than soaking into the grain. Dyes, however, penetrate the grain of the wood and result in a more transparent color that still reveals the grain pattern of the wood. Other differences between types of wood stain include the drying time, necessary preparation, colorfastness, and clean-up methods. Some stains are labeled "NGR" which means they are non-grain-raising, i.e., they prevent the grain of the wood from swelling when you apply the stain.
- The tools you should use to apply wood stain depend on your personal preference and what is suitable for the particular project. With a small wooden piece or something with intricate details, a paintbrush is ideal. For smooth surfaces, you can use an old rag. To make quicker work of staining a deck, apply stain with a pump sprayer and use a flat mop with a cloth cover to wipe the stain over the flat surfaces. Pads designed for applying wood stain are available in stores.
- Because wood stains vary in composition, it is important to follow the specific recommendations and instructions on the packaging. Some will require you to sand the wood before application for the stain to work properly; others do not. Usually the application method involves applying the stain to the wood, letting it sit for a short time, then wiping away the excess. No matter what tools you are using to apply the stain, always work with the grain of the wood in overlapping sections for the best results. Start with less of the stain and add a little more as necessary while you work. With any wood staining project, you may need to apply several coats to get the finish you desire. Allow the previous coat to dry thoroughly before applying the next.
- When using any kind of wood stain, work in a well-ventilated area, preferably outside. If you can't work outside, open all windows and turn on a fan if possible. Wear old clothes and rubber gloves, and cover all surfaces that you don't want to stain; use old sheets, tarps or newspaper. With oil-based stains, never leave any rags, cloths, or old sheets you used to cover surfaces in direct sunlight, because there is a risk of combustion. Saturate these items with cold water and allow them to dry before throwing them away.
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